The sub-department of Toxicology at Wageningen University performs mechanistic research to elucidate dose-response relationships and to assess causality. The Environmental Toxicology group is part of the sub-department and focusses on non-standard effect endpoints:

1)Immunomodulation by chemicals in wildlife species relevant as vectors or hosts of zoonotic diseases.

2)Behavioral effects of chemicals in organisms, with specific emphasis on wildlife.

Furthermore, the group develops innovative New Approach Methodologies for animal friendly approaches to be used under relevant field conditions. These NAMs are based on in vitro à in vivo extrapolation, to develop in vitro screens to characterise hazards for wildlife and invertebrate species.